مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال هشتم شماره 6 (پیاپی 39، بهمن و اسفند 1400)

Sexual activity and the resulting satisfaction are among the major features of marital life, paying due attention to which will probably guarantee family survival and health.

Given the important role of men in marital sexual satisfaction and the focus of previous studies on sexual satisfaction among women, the aim of present study was to investigate the status of sexual satisfaction among married men in Sanandaj in 2020.

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted within the period of 2019-2020. The statistical population included all married men in Sanandaj, who entered the present study and were selected via systematic random sampling in 2019. The data collection tool was the Larson’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, the validity of which had been already confirmed by experts, with its reliability having been confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 20 using descriptive analysis methods, including the mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency percentage.

The participants mean age was 33.86 ± 4.55. Besides, the majority of the men reported poor (43.1%) and moderate (53.9) sexual satisfaction. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of sexual satisfaction in the married men in Sanandaj were estimated at 71.02 ± 6.28.

The results indicate poor to moderate levels of sexual satisfaction in men. Thus, it is suggested that necessary educational programs and interventions be provided to increase married men’s awareness of satisfactory sex through trainings provided at sexual health counseling centers.

Patients with Covid-19 experience high levels of stress and low sleep quality due to treatment isolation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of faulty mindfulness on perceived stress and sleep quality in patients with Covid-19.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was all patients with Covid-19 in Khoy in 2021. From the list of people with positive molecular diagnosis test, 30 patients were purposefully selected, then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS) and Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) in pre-test and post-test and then analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-26 software.

The results show that the detached mindfulness between the two groups has a significant difference in the amount of perceived stress with F=38.69 at the level of 0.001 and sleep quality with F=59.36 at the level of 0.001; The magnitude of the effect of faulty mindfulness was obtained to reduce perceived stress (0.59) and improve sleep quality (0.50).

Covid-19 is associated with a range of widespread psychological symptoms such as stress, depression and sleep problems. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that detached mindfulness can reduce patients' perceived stress and improve the sleep quality of patients. Therefore, the implementation of psychological intervention programs can prevent the continuation of psychological problems in patients.

The cognitive aspect of obsession involves the evaluation of oneself, which is often accompanied by a fear of what one is -or can be.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Fear of Self Questionnaire, which measures the level of this fear in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The present study was a descriptive study and its statistical population included all students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample of the present study also included 360 students who were participated in this research by answering the online link of questions. In addition to the Persian version of the Fear of Self Questionnaire, other research tools were included the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-42), the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive inventory (MOCI), the Self-Ambivalence Measure (SAM), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data analysis was conducted by confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability coefficient in SPSS-24 and AMOS-22 software.

The results of factor analysis confirmed the one-factor structure in the Persian version of the Fear of Self Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest coefficients were 0.94 and 0.86, respectively, that shows the internal consistency and optimal reliability of this questionnaire. In addition, the correlation between the scores of the Persian version of the questionnaire and other research tools ranged from 0.49 to 0.81, which has confirmed its convergent validity.

Considering the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Fear of Self Questionnaire, its usage can be recommended in research related to the symptoms and various dimensions of obsession.

Covid-19 disease, in addition to the serious damage it has done to the physical health of the people, has caused a great deal of psychological distress, which makes it necessary to understand the factors associated with tolerating distress during this period.

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the predictive value of personality factors and coping methods for distress tolerance during coronavirus outbreaks.

The current research used a descriptive-correlational approach. The statistical population consisted of all residents of Tehran aged 18-60 who engaged in the study as online in 2020. The sample size was established using the Cramer formula to be 280 individuals, and they were chosen using a non-random selection approach. Distress Tolerance Questionnaires (DTS), Coping Strategies Questionnaires (WOCQ), and the Neo Personality Questionnaire were used in the study (NEO-FFI). Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.

Personality traits of extroversion, flexibility and agreeing have a positive effect and neurosis have a negative and the most effect on the degree of distress tolerance during coronary heart disease (P=0.001). Problematic strategies have a positive effect and emotion-oriented strategies have a negative and the most effect on the degree of distress tolerance of individuals during coronary heart disease (P=0.001).

According to this study's results, personality characteristics and coping methods are critical in predicting distress tolerance during coronavirus outbreaks. As a result, it can be concluded that paying attention to individual personality characteristics, particularly neuroticism and emotion-oriented coping strategies, and providing specialized training and counseling to these individuals during the corona pandemic can be effective in increasing distress tolerance.

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in march 2020 and has became a top priority for governments and health systems worldwide. The disease has severe consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, significant economic impact and far-reaching social and cultural changes. These findings have led to increased efforts to study the disease, treat it, and respond to the economic consequences of the pandemic. However, the psychological consequences of the disease, including the widespread COVID -19 stigma, have been overlooked. COVID-19-related stigma threatens various groups, including patients, survivors, health care professionals, and other at-risk populations. The possibility of person-to-person transmission, high levels of ignorance about the disease, fear of ambiguity and lack of knowledge, and constant changes in relevant regulations and recommendations lead to the COVID -19 stigma. Stigmatization has many negative consequences: concealment of the disease, delay in seeking health services, refusal of preventive measures, stress, and related socioeconomic consequences. Therefore, the necessary measures in this regard should be considered. In particular, the spread of stigma should be prevented through measures to raise awareness and ensure access to reliable information.

Sexual dysfunction is considered a common sexual problem affecting different aspects of life, and it seems to be rooted in individual's personality.

This paper aims to compare prevalence of sexual dysfunctions between those with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and healthy persons.

This is a causal – comparative research. To do so, 700 males and females from Tehran City were screened in 2021, among them 120 persons were diagnosed with NPD and 41 persons were selected through convenience sampling as individuals with disorder. Data of 40 healthy persons were analyzed for comparative purposes. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI3), Female Sexual Functions Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function (ILEF) were used. Data were analyzed by comparing two independent groups in SPSS, Version 26.

In females, there were no significant differences in sexual function (t=1.011, P=0.320), moisture (t=0.537, P=0.595), orgasm (t=-0.539, P=0.594), sexual pleasure (t=0.164, P=0.871) and pain (t=0.999, P=0.327) between narcissists and healthy persons. Difference in sexuality (t=2.289, P<0.05) and arousal (t=2.107, P<0.05) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists. Moreover, in males, the difference in sexual function (t=7.545, P<0.001), sexuality (t=12.871, P<0.001) and erection (t=4.832, P<0.001) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists, and orgasm (t=-3.426, P<0. 01) in narcissists was less than in healthy persons. However, there was no significant difference between sexual pleasure in both groups (t=-0.866, P=0.393).

The results show that prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in narcissists is more than healthy persons. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists consider personality traits in diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders.

Specific learning difficulties are the existence of disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes which play a role in the process of understanding and using spoken or written language.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of working memory intervention on visual-spatial working memory performance among the preschool children at risk of learning disabilities.

This study was a quasi-experimental study including pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all children who were studying in preschool centers and kindergartens (2016-2017) in Tehran (District 14). A sample of 20 preschool students who were selected through purposive sampling participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (10 participants in each group). The experimental group participated in working memory program to 60-minute 12 sessions during the three months. In order to measure the performance of working memory, the working memory subset of IQ scale, Tehran-Stanford-Binet test and N-Back test were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and t-Test.

The mean and standard deviation of the subjects age are 6.2 and 0.45, respectively. The results showed that the working memory intervention caused the improvement on visual-spatial working memory performance of children (P<0.001).

Considering the findings of the present study, it seems that visual-spatial working memory intervention can improve the working memory of preschool children and it can be used to enhance the visual-spatial working memory function of children and prevent the learning problems.

Logical-mathematical intelligence is one of the common needs of modern life to deal with various types of computational and problem-solving situations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the brain regions associated with the core skills of LMI (calculations, logical reasoning and game strategies) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

This study used a cross- case design. From 28 male and female volunteers aged 18 years and over who visited the Brain Mapping Laboratory in 2020, one with very a high Logical-mathematical intelligence was selected through purposive sampling and using the Multiple Intelligence Developmental Assessment Scale (MIDAS). The tools used in this study were Computational Assignments, Chess and Logical Reasoning. FMRI was also utilized to examine the brain regions. Data were preprocessed and statistically analyzed in SPM-12.

The results demonstrated similar neural activation involved in computational skills, logical reasoning, and chess game in the frontal and parietal lobes. They also showed significant activity in the cerebellum, insula, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, pre-and post-central gyri, fusiform gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus in all three skills.

The results revealed that the neural activation patterns in each skill have unique neural bases, but have common patterns with other skills of Logical-mathematical intelligence. These common and unique patterns present a unique neural architecture in support of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences as a scientific model of human intelligence.

Functional dyspepsia is a group of gastrointestinal disorders in which the psychological symptoms play a significant role in their incidence.

The aim of this study is determination of the relationship between psychological distress and physical symptoms of functional dyspepsia with the mediating role of pain-related mental imagery, visceral sensitivity, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy.

The present study is conducted using the descriptive cross-sectional method. The statistical population includes all patients with functional dyspepsia referred to gastrointestinal clinics of Isfahan in 2021-2022. The statistical population consists of 363 people who are selected by the convenience sampling. Instruments include Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Nepin Dyspepsia Index, Chronic Pain Mental Image Questionnaire, Visceral Sensitivity Index, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Software such as smart-PLS, SPSS-23 and descriptive indices and structural equations are used for data analysis.

Results showed that the direct path of psychological distress (0.329), pain-related mental imagery (0.396) and pain catastrophizing (0.234) to physical symptoms were significant. Also, the indirect paths from psychological distress to physical symptoms through the mediating pain-related mental imagery, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy on pain-related mental imagery and visceral sensitivity on pain-related mental imagery with values of 0.052, 0.231, 0.058 and 0.246 respectively had significant relations.

The results show that the pain-related mental imagery, visceral sensitivity, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy play a mediating role between the psychological distress and physical symptoms of functional dyspepsia. It is suggested that these factors are included in patients treatment plans to reduce recurrence, exacerbation of symptoms and burden of the disease.

In recent decades, the interest in assessing, monitoring, and improving physical and mental health has increased significantly, so that improving physical and mental function has been considered a vital goal globally.

The evaluated the athlete burnout among elite coaches and its relationship with mental health.

The research is correlational. The population was professional male coaches in the super leagues of Basketball, Handball, Volleyball, Futsal, and Wrestling in 2021. According to the statistics of the relevant federations, there were 247 coaches and head coaches. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 241 people completely answered the questionnaires. Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (18-item) and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire were used to collect research data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The results showed a negative and significant relationship between athlete burnout and the mental health of coaches. The results of multivariate regression analysis confirmed the inverse relationship between the components of Athlete burnout and mental health. Information related to the goodness of fit index showed that the correlation coefficient (0.361) and the coefficient of determination (0.130) indicate the fitness of the evaluated model. In other words, the relationship between predictor and criterion variables was 36.1%.

Due to the negative effects of burnout on psychological health, it is suggested to coaches to consider the psychological injuries caused by the pressure of training and competitions and pay special attention to them as factors related to reducing mental health.

Brain-based teaching is the purposeful application of brain function strategies for teaching that affect learning.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of brain-based mathematics teaching on academic procrastination, comprehension, and learning rate of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder.

This study was experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population was students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder in Gorgan in 2021. Thirty people were randomly selected and grouped into two experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. Data were collected based on the Academic Procrastination Scale (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), a researcher-made comprehension test, and a timer, and the experimental group received brain-based teaching four times a week for eight sessions. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that mathematics education by brain-based method reduces academic procrastination (P<0.01, F=184.924); increased comprehension (P<0.01, F=80.504) and learning speed (P<0.01, F=165.559) in students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder.

Since brain-based math education affects academic procrastination, comprehension and learning speed of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder, it is suggested that for the development of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder, brain-based teaching should be adopted for normal classes and children with learning disabilities in curricula.

 Current models show the anxiety sensitivity physical concerns as a fundamental variable related to the psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 related anxiety and health anxiety mediated by the physical concern component during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted online. For this purpose, 554 adults in Tehran were assessed anonymously by convenience sampling methods using an online questionnaire from 21 June to 5 July 2020. The instruments of this study included the Corona Anxiety Index (CAI), Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI-3). The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and structural equations by SPSS software version 25 and LISREL software version 8.80.

The age range of participants was between 18 and 65 years, with a mean and standard deviation of 38.03±12.21. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that the components of physical concern and health anxiety have a positive and significant relationship with COVID-19 related anxiety (P<0.05). The results of structural equations showed that there is a significant direct path from health anxiety to COVID-19 related anxiety. Also, a significant indirect pathway from health anxiety to COVID-19 related anxiety mediates the physical concern component with a coefficient of 0.16%.

 In the Iranian sample, the physical concern component mediates the relationship between health anxiety and COVID-19 related anxiety. These findings can help in effective prevention and explain the psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.